A design modification helped obtain the same 3.8 V output voltage as that of existing lithium-ion secondary batteries, which facilitated ease of use when incorporated into electronic devices. In Murata’s prototype, it was possible to obtain maximum capacities of 20 to 30 mAh, which could replace the existing lithium-ion secondary batteries being used as the power supply for wireless earphones. For instance, a compact battery with a size of 4 mm x 5 mm x 9 mm can provide an output of more than 10 mA, which is required for wireless transmission of data using Bluetooth LE. The technology for creating a clean, thin ceramic film and then fully hardening it enabled the mass production of microscopic pattern elements at high quality.Īn energy density 10x to 100x more than that of any previous oxide-based solid-state battery was obtained. Like solid-state batteries, MLCCs have a structure where the area between the electrodes is filled by a dielectric body made of ceramic material. Of these approaches, the formation of precise, thin electrolyte layers proved to be a challenging issue, but it was resolved by drawing on Murata’s extensive technology and expertise for mass-producing multilayer ceramic capacitors (MLCCs). To achieve satisfactory characteristics, Murata’s engineers worked towards the development of three aspects: 1) solid electrolyte material with high ion conductivity, 2) technology for forming precise, thin electrolyte layers, and 3) processes for improving the adhesion of electrode active materials and electrolytes. Solid-state battery developed by Murata Manufacturing (Photo: Murata Manufacturing) ( Source) The Ag-C nanocomposite layer also helped in the reduction of anode thickness while boosting energy density up to 900 Wh/L. Such a single charge of the prototype pouch cell may enable an electric vehicle (EV) to travel up to 800 km (500 miles), while offering a lifecycle of more than 1,000 charges. The 5µm ultrathin Ag-C nanocomposite layer incorporated within a prototype pouch cell enabled a larger battery capacity, a longer lifespan and enhanced safety. Researchers at the Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology (SAIT) and the Samsung R&D Institute Japan (SRJ) proposed a silver-carbon (Ag-C) composite layer as the anode to replace lithium metal anodes that are generally used in ASSBs. Although great potential exists, there is still plenty of efficiency to be gained by improving the chemistry of lithium-ion batteries. Though promising, ASSBs still face challenges with respect to solid interface stability, large scale production, sustainable manufacturing, recyclability, and so on. Currently, different types of solid-state electrolytes based on oxides, sulfides, phosphates, nitrile or polymers such as polyethers, polyesters, polysiloxane, polyurethane, etc., exist. ASSBs have low flammability, high energy density, high electrochemical stability and high energy density, as compared to conventional liquid/gel electrolyte batteries and find application in various industries such as energy storage, consumer electronics, industrial, aerospace and automotive. The emerging all-solid-state battery (ASSB) technology offers high performance and safety at low cost. Solid-state batteries use both solid electrodes and electrolytes. Replacing the liquid/gel components of the conventional Li-ion batteries with solid electrolyte was considered as an approach to solving the problem. The leakage of the liquid electrolyte, or short-circuit of the electrodes due to failure of the polymer gel separator was identified as the main cause for the explosion. Safety issues assumed great importance, following incidents such as an explosion in a Japan Airlines 787 Dreamliner’s cargo hold in 2013 and Samsung’s Galaxy Note 7 catching fire in 2016. Despite their prevalence, Li-ion batteries have disadvantages such as low power density, short lifespan and high resistivity at electrode interface, leading to capacity loss, electrolytic decomposition at high voltages that limit the use of high voltage cathode materials, formation of HF at thermal runaway, and risk of leakage, resulting in battery fires and explosions. Lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries, containing liquid/gel separators, provide a lightweight energy-storage solution for most of today’s high-end battery-powered gadgets, ranging from smartphones to electric vehicles.
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